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动机增强

动机增强被定义为一种以高效的方式执行任务和实现目标的欲望增加[1][2][3]。这包括那些通常被认为太单调或太让人不知所措而无法全身心投入的任务和目标呢。

许多因素（它们经常一起出现，但也不一定哦）反映或促进了任务动机：即想要完成一项任务、享受它或对它感兴趣[3]。动机也可能得到密切相关因素的支持，比如积极的情绪、警觉性、能量以及没有焦虑。虽然动机是一种状态，但人们在通常带入任务的动机状态中存在特质上的差异，就像认知能力存在差异一样[2]。

动机增强通常伴随着其他同时发生的效应，如刺激和思维加速，从而进一步提高一个人的生产力。它最常见于在中等剂量的兴奋剂和益智药类化合物的影响下诱发，例如苯丙胺[2][4]、哌甲酯[2]、尼古丁[5]和莫达菲尼[6]。然而，在某些阿片类药物[7][8]和GABA能镇静剂的影响下[7]，也可能在较小程度上发生这种情况呢。

内容

体验报告

在我们的主观效应索引中，描述此效应的轶事报告包括：

  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:105mg_Ephenidine-_An_Intense_Emotional_Experience
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:100/100/100mg,_first_time_with_it
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:225mg_Pregabalin_+Cannabis_-Bliss_and_Serenity;_a_hedonistic_evening
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:22mg_N-Ethylhexedrone_(Hexen)-_A(Somewhat)Functional_Stimulant_at_Low_Doses-A(Somewhat)_Functional_Stimulant_at_Low_Doses)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:25mg_2C-B_-_Hard_raving_at_home
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:25mg_3-MeO-PCP_-_Enhanced_film_experience
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:70mg_Lisdexamfetamine_(oral)-_My_first_stimulant_experience-_My_first_stimulant_experience)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:A_night_with_Ethylphenidate
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Ephenidine:185mg_-_A_Weird_and_Rewarding_Trip
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:FMA_(37.5_mg,oral)-Never_been_this_productive_in_my_life-_Never_been_this_productive_in_my_life)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:LSA_(20_HWBR_seeds)–_A_pleasant_adventure_with_a_harsh_body_load%E2%80%93_A_pleasant_adventure_with_a_harsh_body_load)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Unknown_dosage_/1_tab_DOC-_Psychedelia_Turned_Into_Stimulant_Psychosis

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ↑ Kjærsgaard, Torben (2015). "Enhancing Motivation by Use of Prescription Stimulants: The Ethics of Motivation Enhancement". AJOB Neuroscience. 6 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.990543. ISSN 2150-7740.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Ilieva, Irena P.; Farah, Martha J. (2013). "Enhancement stimulants: perceived motivational and cognitive advantages". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 7. doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00198. ISSN 1662-453X.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nyholm, Sven (2015). "Motivation-Enhancements and Domain-Specific Values". AJOB Neuroscience. 6 (1): 37–39. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.995313. ISSN 2150-7740.
  4. ↑ Terbeck, Sylvia (2013). "Why Students Bother Taking Adderall: Measurement Validity of Self-Reports". AJOB Neuroscience. 4 (1): 21–22. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.762064. ISSN 2150-7740.
  5. ↑ Sagara, H.; Kitamura, Y.; Esumi, S.; Sendo, T.; Araki, H.; Gotima, Y. (2008). "Motivational effects of nicotine as measured by the runway method using priming stimulation of intracranial self-stimulation behavior". Acta Med Okayama. 62 (4): 227–233. doi:10.18926/amo/30940. ISSN 0386-300X.
  6. ↑ Young, Jared W.; Geyer, Mark A. (2010). "Action of Modafinil—Increased Motivation Via the Dopamine Transporter Inhibition and D1 Receptors?". Biological Psychiatry. 67 (8): 784–787. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.015. ISSN 0006-3223.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ting-A-Kee, R.; van der Kooy, D. (2012). "The Neurobiology of Opiate Motivation". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2 (10): a012096–a012096. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012096. ISSN 2157-1422.
  8. ↑ Riters, Lauren V. (2010). "Evidence for opioid involvement in the motivation to sing". Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 39 (2): 141–150. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.008. ISSN 0891-0618.