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心律异常

心律异常（也称为心律不齐）被定义为心跳速率或节律的问题呢。[1] 心跳过快（每分钟超过 100 次）被称为心动过速，心跳过慢（每分钟少于 60 次）被称为心动过缓。心律失常是由心脏组织的变化引起的。心脏跳动是由级联电信号引起的，这些信号可能会受到压力荷尔蒙、电解质和药物物质的影响哦。

心律异常最常见于服用中等剂量的兴奋剂和抑制剂类化合物时，如可卡因、[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] 苯丙胺类物质、[9][10][11][12][13] 酒精、[13] 和阿片类药物。[13][14][15] 虽然兴奋剂倾向于增加一个人的心率，而抑制剂倾向于降低心率。将两者联用通常会导致危险的不规则心跳呢。

目录

体验报告

在我们的体验报告中，描述了这种效应的轶事报告包括：

  • Experience: 550mg DPH - My First Time on DPH
  • Experience:800-900mg Ephenidine + unknown quantity flubroalzolam - Multiday Insanity
  • Experience:Clonazolam + 2-methyl-AP-237 (unknown dosage) - Cardiac arrest_-_Cardiac_arrest)
  • Experience:Unknown dosage / 3 tabs - Ego death and a total break through in the snow

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ↑ Arrhythmias - What Is an Arrhythmia?, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, retrieved 4 June 2022 
  2. ↑ Wood, D. M., Dargan, P. I., Hoffman, R. S. (January 2009). "Management of cocaine-induced cardiac arrhythmias due to cardiac ion channel dysfunction". Clinical Toxicology. 47 (1): 14–23.
  3. ↑ O’Leary, M. E., Hancox, J. C. (28 January 2010). "Role of voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels in the development of cocaine-associated cardiac arrhythmias: Voltage-gated ion channels and cocaine-induced arrhythmia". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 69 (5): 427–442.
  4. ↑ Wood, D. M., Dargan, P. I. (28 January 2010). "Putting cocaine use and cocaine-associated cardiac arrhythmias into epidemiological and clinical perspective: Cocaine epidemiology and cardiovascular toxicity". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 69 (5): 443–447.
  5. ↑ Gradman, A. H. (April 1988). "Cardiac effects of cocaine: a review". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 61 (2): 137–147.
  6. ↑ Lange, R. A., Hillis, L. D. (2 August 2001). "Cardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Use". New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (5): 351–358.
  7. ↑ Tazelaar, H. D., Karch, S. B., Stephens, B. G., Billingham, M. E. (February 1987). "Cocaine and the heart". Human Pathology. 18 (2): 195–199.
  8. ↑ Maraj, S., Figueredo, V. M., Lynn Morris, D. (May 2010). "Cocaine and the Heart". Clinical Cardiology. 33 (5): 264–269.
  9. ↑ Shyu, K., Wang, B., Yang, Y., Tsai, S., Lin, S., Lee, C. (1 July 2004). "Amphetamine activates connexin43 gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through JNK and AP-1 pathway". Cardiovascular Research. 63 (1): 98–108.
  10. ↑ Bazmi, E., Mousavi, F., Giahchin, L., Mokhtari, T., Behnoush, B. (30 March 2017). "Cardiovascular Complications of Acute Amphetamine Abuse: Cross-sectional study". Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 17 (1): e31–37.
  11. ↑ Jacobs, W. (June 2006). "Fatal Amphetamine-Associated Cardiotoxicity and Its Medicolegal Implications:". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 27 (2): 156–160.
  12. ↑ Won, S., Hong, R. A., Shohet, R. V., Seto, T. B., Parikh, N. I. (December 2013). "Methamphetamine-Associated Cardiomyopathy: Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy". Clinical Cardiology. 36 (12): 737–742.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Frishman, W. H., Del Vecchio, A., Sanal, S., Ismail, A. (July 2003). "Cardiovascular Manifestations of Substance Abuse: Part 2: Alcohol, Amphetamines, Heroin, Cannabis, and Caffeine". Heart Disease. 5 (4): 253–271.
  14. ↑ Behzadi, M., Joukar, S., Beik, A. (2018). "Opioids and Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Literature Review". Medical Principles and Practice. 27 (5): 401–414.
  15. ↑ Doshi, R., Shah, J., Desai, R., Gullapalli, N. (July 2019). "Burden of arrhythmia in hospitalizations with opioid overdose". International Journal of Cardiology. 286: 73–75.