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食欲抑制

食欲抑制可以被描述为感觉饥饿感和食欲明显下降，这会导致不想吃东西，而且对食物味道的享受也会减少呢。[1] 这通常会导致一个人很长时间都不吃东西哦。

根据强度的不同，这种效果可能会让人对食物完全不感兴趣，甚至感到厌恶嘛。有时候，尝试吃东西时甚至会引起身体不适（比如恶心）呢。在严重的食欲抑制情况下，喝流质食物（比如蛋白粉奶昔）来获取维持功能所需的营养通常会更容易一些哦。

食欲抑制通常伴随着其他并发效应，比如刺激或镇痛，这会让人感觉好像自己有足够的能量不需要吃东西，或者麻木到感觉不到饥饿的痛苦呢。这最常见于中等 剂量的兴奋剂[2] 化合物影响下，比如苯丙胺[3]、哌甲酯、[4] 尼古丁、[5] MDMA、[6] 和可卡因。不过嘛，在其他化合物的影响下也可能发生，比如阿片类药物、迷幻剂和选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂 (SSRIs) 哦。值得注意的是，如果长期使用这些物质，通常会导致体重减轻呢。

目录

体验报告

在我们的体验报告索引中，描述了这种效果的轶事报告包括：

  • Experience: 22mg 2C-B (oral) / 100ug 1P-LSD (sublingual) - My first time tripping alone (2 days in a row)/_100ug_1P-LSD(sublingual)-_My_first_time_tripping_alone(2_days_in_a_row).md)
  • Experience: 300mg DXM (Oral) - Brink of the third_-_Brink_of_the_third.md)
  • Experience:1000 Morning Glory seeds - Rediscovering the Self
  • Experience:1000 mg U47700 over 8 days - A harmful substance
  • Experience:150μg tab 1P-LSD (oral) - Amazing and very long trip (20+ hours)-_Amazing_and_very_long_trip(20%2B_hours).md)
  • Experience:1g Methiopropamine - Chasing the Chalky Dragon
  • Experience:20mg Heroin - The Last Time I Shot Up
  • Experience:3.5g psilocybe cubensis - Relinquishing of Material Chains/Fear and Desolation
  • Experience:42 mg TMA-6: Pure Bliss
  • Experience:70mg Lisdexamfetamine (oral) - My first stimulant experience_-_My_first_stimulant_experience.md)
  • Experience:A combination of DOC, 5-MAPB, 5-MeO-DMT, ETH-LAD, Cannabis, Pentedrone
  • Experience:BK-2C-B - Various experiences
  • Experience:FMA (37.5 mg, oral) - Never been this productive in my life_-_Never_been_this_productive_in_my_life.md)
  • Experience:Marijuana Withdrawal
  • Experience:Mushrooms (~0.5 g) - Autonomous Voice_-_Autonomous_Voice.md)
  • Experience:~150mg MDA(oral) - a case of mistaken identity_-_a_case_of_mistaken_identity.md)

不良反应

再喂养综合征

Skull and crossbones darktextred2.png 再喂养综合征如果足够严重，可能会导致死亡

再喂养综合征 (RFS) 是一种代谢紊乱，发生在饥饿、严重营养不良或因严重疾病导致代谢压力的的人或动物恢复营养摄入时。当在营养不良事件后的最初四到七天内摄入过多的食物或流质营养补充剂时，细胞中糖原、脂肪和蛋白质的产生可能会导致血清中钾（低钾血症）、镁（镁缺乏症）和磷酸盐（低磷酸盐血症）浓度降低。[7][8] 电解质失衡可能会引起神经、肺、心脏、神经肌肉和血液学症状——如果足够严重，可能会导致死亡呢。

当一个人好几天不吃东西，通常在断食4-5天后开始恢复进食时，就会发生再喂养综合征。[9]

像苯丙胺类物质、哌甲酯和可卡因这样的兴奋剂，以及阿片类药物，都会导致食欲抑制。这会导致长期的卡路里摄入不足，模仿神经性厌食症嘛。有药物滥用问题的人在经历一段时间的营养不良后，如果开始恢复正常的饮食习惯，可能会面临再喂养综合征的风险增加哦。[10]

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. Silverstone, T. (June 1992). "Appetite Suppressants: A Review". Drugs. 43 (6): 820–836. doi:10.2165/00003495-199243060-00003. ISSN 0012-6667.
  2. Poulton, A. S., Hibbert, E. J., Champion, B. L., Nanan, R. K. H. (2016). "Stimulants for the Control of Hedonic Appetite". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7. ISSN 1663-9812.
  3. Hsieh, Y.-S., Yang, S.-F., Kuo, D.-Y. (April 2005). "Amphetamine, an appetite suppressant, decreases neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamic paraventriculum". Regulatory Peptides. 127 (1–3): 169–176. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2004.11.007. ISSN 0167-0115.
  4. Davis, C., Fattore, L., Kaplan, A. S., Carter, J. C., Levitan, R. D., Kennedy, J. L. (March 2012). "The suppression of appetite and food consumption by methylphenidate: the moderating effects of gender and weight status in healthy adults". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 15 (02): 181–187. doi:10.1017/S1461145711001039. ISSN 1461-1457.
  5. Seeley, R. J., Sandoval, D. A. (July 2011). "Weight loss through smoking". Nature. 475 (7355): 176–177. doi:10.1038/475176a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  6. Francis, H. M., Kraushaar, N. J., Hunt, L. R., Cornish, J. L. (February 2011). "Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors in the nucleus accumbens are specifically involved in the appetite suppressant and not locomotor stimulant effects of MDMA ('ecstasy')". Psychopharmacology. 213 (2–3): 355–363. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1982-9. ISSN 0033-3158.
  7. Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J (June 2008). "Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1495–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301. PMC 2440847 . PMID 18583681.
  8. Doig, GS; Simpson, F; Heighes; Bellomo, R; Chesher, D; Caterson, ID; Reade, MC; Harrigan, PWJ (2015-12-01). "Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 3 (12): 943–952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128.
  9. Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN (2011). "Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review". Acute Medicine. 10 (2): 69–76. doi:10.52964/AMJA.0470 . PMID 22041604.
  10. (PDF) https://www.uhbw.nhs.uk/assets/1/23-639_refeedingsyndromeguideline-4_redacted.pdf.