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残影
//gfycat.com/ifr/PepperyMedicalAfghanhound 残影 由 StingrayZ 制作 - 这张图片准确地描绘了通常被称为残影的迷幻效应。在其背景中也有相当多的视觉漂移呢。

残影（也被称为视幻觉持续，palinopsia）定义为在原始图像消失后，视觉感知仍然继续出现在视野中哦。[1][2][3] 一种常见的残影形式是注视光源几秒钟后，视野中似乎漂浮着的明亮光晕呢。这种效应与视觉递归相似，但不同之处在于它不会在移动物体后产生平滑的模糊轨迹嘛。

在致幻剂体验期间，移动的物体可能会在其运动路径后产生一系列重叠的静止图像。[2][4][5][6][7][8] 这会在一个人的视野中产生一系列移动物体的重叠图像，随着物体占据该空间位置的时间越久，这些图像就会变得越淡。这种效应的另一种常见表现是，当一个人闭上眼睛后，能够看到外部环境的残留图像持续几秒钟，然后才逐渐消失欸。

残影通常伴随着其他并发效应，例如视觉递归[5][9][10]和漂移[4]。它最常在中等剂量的迷幻化合物影响下诱发，例如LSD、赛洛西宾和麦斯卡林。[11] 然而，拖尾效应也在具有非常不同药理学的其他药物中被体验到，例如GABA增强剂哦。[7]

目录

体验报告

在我们的体验索引中，描述此效应的轶事报告包括：

  • Experience: 15mg 2C-B (oral) - A pleasant low-dose evening with Nexus_-_A_pleasant_low-dose_evening_with_Nexus)
  • Experience: 200µg 1P-LSD (sublingual) + 12mg CBD - The Vortex of Empathy_%2B_12mg_CBD_-_The_Vortex_of_Empathy)
  • Experience:1000mg / 1200mg / 1400mg / 1600mg - heroic doses
  • Experience:100ug 1P-LSD - A Fear and loathing into Bliss
  • Experience:120mg - Garden of The Gods
  • Experience:120µg LSD - First Bad Acid Trip, Psychosis
  • Experience:300µg LSD - Togetherness and the Silent Dusk
  • Experience:4-AcO-DMT + 200mg Pill
  • Experience:5.3g psilocybe cubensis - Dimensional Circumstance and the Fabric of Understanding
  • Experience:5g Mushrooms - Failed attempt at a Terence Mckenna style trip.
  • Experience:LSD (230 ug) - An amazing adventure by vikilikepsych_-_An_amazing_adventure_by_vikilikepsych)
  • Experience:LSD (400ug, Oral) - An afternoon in "a" garden_-An_afternoon_in%22a%22_garden)
  • Experience:Mushrooms (~0.5 g) - Autonomous Voice_-_Autonomous_Voice)
  • Experience:Nutmeg (8 teaspoons) - My Mom Introduces Me To Genesis and Other Things_-_My_Mom_Introduces_Me_To_Genesis_and_Other_Things)
  • Experience:Psilocybin Mushroom (0.16 g, Oral) - Dosage Independent Intensity_-_Dosage_Independent_Intensity)
  • Experience:Zopiclone hppd?

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ↑ Kleinman, J. E.; Gillin, J. C.; Wyatt, R. J. (1977). "A Comparison of the Phenomenology of Hallucinogens and Schizophrenia From Some Autobiographical Accounts". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 3* (4): 560–586. doi:10.1093/schbul/3.4.560. ISSN 0586-7614.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abraham, Henry David (1983). "Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback". Archives of General Psychiatry. 40 (8): 884. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790070074009. ISSN 0003-990X.
  3. ↑ Bender, Morris B.; Feldman, Martin; Sobin, Allan J. (1968). "PALINOPSIA". Brain. 91 (2): 321–338. doi:10.1093/brain/91.2.321. ISSN 0006-8950.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Papoutsis, Ioannis; Nikolaou, Panagiota; Stefanidou, Maria; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris (2014). "25B-NBOMe and its precursor 2C-B: modern trends and hidden dangers". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s11419-014-0242-9. ISSN 1860-8965.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Abraham, Henry D.; Wolf, Ernst (1988). "Visual function in past users of LSD: Psychophysical findings". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 97 (4): 443–447. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.443. ISSN 1939-1846.
  6. ↑ Kawasaki, Aki (1996). "Persistent Palinopsia Following Ingestion of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)". Archives of Ophthalmology. 114 (1): 47. doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130045007. ISSN 0003-9950.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dubois, Julien; VanRullen, Rufin (2011). "Visual Trails: Do the Doors of Perception Open Periodically?". PLoS Biology. 9 (5): e1001056. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001056. ISSN 1545-7885.
  8. ↑ Ermentrout B. The excited cortex - LSD trails, phosphenes, and other visual confections. 1999. 201 Eighth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; July 1999. Abstracts.
  9. ↑ Asher, Harvey (1971). ""Trailing" Phenomenon—A Long-Lasting LSD Side Effect". American Journal of Psychiatry. 127 (9): 1233–1234. doi:10.1176/ajp.127.9.1233. ISSN 0002-953X.
  10. ↑ Schwartz, K. (1997). "Nefazodone and visual side effects". American Journal of Psychiatry. 154 (7): 1038a–11038. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.1038a.
  11. ↑ Lauterbach, E.; Abdelhamid, A.; Annandale, J. (2000). "Posthallucinogen-Like Visual Illusions (Palinopsia) with Risperidone in a Patient without Previous Hallucinogen Exposure: Possible Relation to Serotonin 5HT2a Receptor Blockade". Pharmacopsychiatry. 33 (01): 38–41. doi:10.1055/s-2000-8452. ISSN 0176-3679.