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精神病

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精神病 定义为一种异常的精神状况，是一个通用的精神病学术语，指一个人经历“与现实失去联系”的精神状态。[1] 精神病特征的特点是妄想、幻觉和形式思维障碍，表现出广泛的文化上不协调、古怪、怪异或不寻常的行为和认知，包括过程（例如，知觉、解离）和内容（例如，信念）。[2] 根据其严重程度，这还可能伴随社交互动困难和进行日常生活活动的一般性障碍。

在临床心理学的背景下，精神病是一个非常广泛的术语，可能意味着从相对轻微的妄想到精神分裂症和双相情感障碍1型的复杂和紧张性表达。然而，一般来说，精神病涉及认知功能的明显缺陷和各种类型的幻觉或妄想信念，特别是那些关于自我与他人关系的信念，如宏大妄想、被害妄想或阴谋论。这些精神病的迹象和症状中最常见的列为以下单独的子部分：

精神病最常在中等剂量的致幻剂化合物影响下被诱发，例如谵妄剂、[3][4] 迷幻剂、[5] 解离剂、[6] 和大麻类[7][8]。然而，它也可能在兴奋剂的影响下发生，[9][10] 特别是在药效消退期间或长期滥用的结果。它也可能因突然停止长期或大量使用某些药物（如苯二氮卓类物质[11] 或酒精[12]）而表现出来；这被称为震颤性谵妄 (DTs)。除了药物滥用外，它也可能由于睡眠剥夺、情感创伤、尿路感染和各种其他医疗状况而发生。

另见

外部链接

体验报告

在我们的体验索引中描述此效应的坊间报告包括：

  • Experience: 15mg 2C-B (oral) - A pleasant low-dose evening with Nexus_-_A_pleasant_low-dose_evening_with_Nexus.md)
  • Experience: 22mg 2C-B (oral) / 100ug 1P-LSD (sublingual) - My first time tripping alone (2 days in a row)/_100ug_1P-LSD(sublingual)-_My_first_time_tripping_alone(2_days_in_a_row).md)
  • Experience: 36mg 4-AcO-DiPT - Truly, one for the psychedelic animals among us
  • Experience: 5-EAPB (60mg) + 2-FMA (20mg) + 4-AcO-DMT (10mg) - Emotional catharsis_%2B_2-FMA_(20mg)%2B_4-AcO-DMT(10mg)_-_Emotional_catharsis.md)
  • Experience:1000 Morning Glory seeds - Rediscovering the Self
  • Experience:100ug 1P-LSD - A Fear and loathing into Bliss
  • Experience:1050 µg 1cP-LSD - The matrix
  • Experience:120mg - Garden of The Gods
  • Experience:150mg MDMA + 20mg 2C-B - I designed it this way myself
  • Experience:1mg 25c-NBOMe - Experiment in my room
  • Experience:2 tabs DOB - My DOB Nightmare
  • Experience:2.5g Syrian rue + 6g Mimosa Hostilis - Becoming God (my second experience with unity).md)
  • Experience:225mg Pregabalin +Cannabis -Bliss and Serenity; a hedonistic evening
  • Experience:225ug LSD + 9g cubensis - Galactic Melt and the Meverse
  • Experience:250mg DXM - DXM Itch and Trip Report
  • Experience:25mg 2C-B - Hard raving at home
  • Experience:25mg 3-MeO-PCP - Enhanced film experience
  • Experience:25mg Deschloroketamine - My first time orally dosing DCK
  • Experience:2C-P (approx. 35mg) - Asymmetrical Terror and the Geometric Sea_-_Asymmetrical_Terror_and_the_Geometric_Sea.md)
  • Experience:3 Grams of Mushrooms - Reset on my Life, Experiencing Satori and the Cosmic Perspective
  • Experience:3-MeO-PCP - Extreme psychosis
  • Experience:3.5g psilocybe cubensis - Relinquishing of Material Chains/Fear and Desolation
  • Experience:300mg DXM + 25mg DMT + Cannabis - A crazy night
  • Experience:300µg AL-LAD - Don't worry, because you're everyone!
  • Experience:300µg LSD - Togetherness and the Silent Dusk
  • Experience:337mg DMT fumarate - A Day With DMT
  • Experience:3g mimosa / 3g syrian rue - Connecting with my body
  • Experience:4-AcO-DMT + 200mg Pill
  • Experience:4-HO-MiPT / A care free psychedelic getaway
  • Experience:4.5g - The Grand Introduction to Beauty and Fear
  • Experience:40mg - Brothermind and the Forest's Hand
  • Experience:4x 200ug tabs - You do not need to understand
  • Experience:5.3g psilocybe cubensis - Dimensional Circumstance and the Fabric of Understanding
  • Experience:60mg 4-AcO-DMT Nonstop Quasi-Orgasmic Objectless Euphoria
  • Experience:75mg 3-FMA - Perfect Blend of Euphoria and Functionality
  • Experience:800 seeds LSA - My First Trip Ever
  • Experience:A combination of DOC, 5-MAPB, 5-MeO-DMT, ETH-LAD, Cannabis, Pentedrone
  • Experience:BK-2C-B - Various experiences
  • Experience:Mushrooms and Snuff Films -- Trip Report (3.5 grams).md)
  • Experience:Pregabalin (450mg, oral) + Methylphenidate (20mg, oral) - Gaba Flipping_%2B_Methylphenidate_(20mg,oral)-_Gaba_Flipping.md)
  • Experience:Psilocybin Mushroom (0.16 g, Oral) - Dosage Independent Intensity_-_Dosage_Independent_Intensity.md)
  • Experience:Unknown Dose DOC (Insufflated) - Overdosing and Terifying Ego Death_-_Overdosing_and_Terifying_Ego_Death.md)
  • Experience:Unknown dosage / 1 tab DOC - Psychedelia Turned Into Stimulant Psychosis
  • Experience:~150mg MDA(oral) - a case of mistaken identity_-_a_case_of_mistaken_identity.md)

参考文献

  1. ↑ Kapur, S. (January 2003). "Psychosis as a State of Aberrant Salience: A Framework Linking Biology, Phenomenology, and Pharmacology in Schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13. ISSN 0002-953X.
  2. ↑ A"Glossary of Technical Terms". Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.): 827–8. 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.GlossaryofTechnicalTerms.
  3. ↑ Jones, J., Dougherty, J., Cannon, L. (July 1986). "Diphenhydramine-induced toxic psychosis". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 4 (4): 369–371. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(86)90312-8. ISSN 0735-6757.
  4. ↑ "Angel's Trumpet psychosis: a central nervous system anticholinergic syndrome". American Journal of Psychiatry. 134 (3): 312–314. March 1977. doi:10.1176/ajp.134.3.312. ISSN 0002-953X.
  5. ↑ Strassman, R. J. (October 1984). "Adverse reactions to psychedelic drugs. A review of the literature". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 172 (10): 577–595. doi:10.1097/00005053-198410000-00001. ISSN 0022-3018.
  6. ↑ Lahti, A. C., Holcomb, H. H., Medoff, D. R., Tamminga, C. A. (1 April 1995). "Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia". Neuroreport. 6 (6): 869–872. doi:10.1097/00001756-199504190-00011. ISSN 1473-558X.
  7. ↑ Hall, W., Degenhardt, L. (February 2000). "Cannabis Use and Psychosis: A Review of Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 34 (1): 26–34. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00685.x. ISSN 0004-8674.
  8. ↑ Hurst, D., Loeffler, G., McLay, R. (October 2011). "Psychosis Associated With Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonists: A Case Series". American Journal of Psychiatry. 168 (10): 1119–1119. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010176. ISSN 0002-953X.
  9. ↑ Glasner-Edwards, S., Mooney, L. J. (1 December 2014). "Methamphetamine Psychosis: Epidemiology and Management". CNS Drugs. 28 (12): 1115–1126. doi:10.1007/s40263-014-0209-8. ISSN 1179-1934.
  10. ↑ Bramness, J. G., Gundersen, Ø. H., Guterstam, J., Rognli, E. B., Konstenius, M., Løberg, E.-M., Medhus, S., Tanum, L., Franck, J. (5 December 2012). "Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?". BMC Psychiatry. 12 (1): 221. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-221. ISSN 1471-244X.
  11. ↑ Preskorn, S. H., Denner, L. J. (3 January 1977). "Benzodiazepines and Withdrawal Psychosis: Report of Three Cases". JAMA. 237 (1): 36–38. doi:10.1001/jama.1977.03270280038018. ISSN 0098-7484.
  12. ↑ Gross, M. M., Lewis, E., Hastey, J. (1974). "The Biology of Alcoholism". In Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. Springer US. pp. 191–263. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2937-4_6. ISBN 9781468429398.