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语言能力抑制

1. 语言混乱能力抑制 (Language depression)

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语言混乱能力抑制（也被称为失语症）在医学上被认定为使用和理解语言能力的下降哦[1]。这会让人感觉很难、甚至完全无法说出自己的想法，也听不懂别人在说什么呢。不过嘛，说话的能力和理解别人的能力不一定会同时消失；一个人可能发现自己说不出一句完整的话，但还是能完美地听懂别人在说什么哟。

通常来说，这种效应可以分为这四大类呢[1]：

  1. 表达性失语（也叫布若卡氏失语症）：很难通过说话或写作来表达想法。心里知道想说什么，就是找不到那个词儿。举个栗子，有这种失语症的人可能会说“遛狗”，其实他是想说“我要带狗去散步”，或者说“书书二桌子”，意思是“桌子上有两本书”。
  2. 接收性失语（韦尼克氏失语症）：很难理解口头或书面语言。明明听到了声音或者看到了字，但就是搞不懂是啥意思。这些人可能会说出很长、很完整的句子，但其实没有任何意义，还加了很多没用的词，甚至自己造词呢。比如，“你知道那个斯穆德粉扑扑的，我想把他弄圆然后像你以前想的那样照顾他。” 结果就是，很难听懂他到底想表达什么，而且说话的人往往也没意识到自己说错了喵。
  3. 完全性失语：几乎丧失了所有的语言功能，包括理解和表达。既不能说也不能听懂，也不能读写。这是因为大脑里的语言区域受到了严重又广泛的损伤造成的。他们可能连几个字都说不出来，或者只能一遍又一遍地重复同样的词或短语。
  4. 命名性失语（或遗忘性失语）：这是最轻微的一种失语症；就是叫不出特定的物体、人、地点或事件的名字啦。

语言混乱能力抑制通常还会伴随着其他效应，比如分析能力抑制和思维混乱呢。这种效应最常见于严重剂量的抗精神病药影响下，比如喹硫平[2]、氟哌啶醇[3]和利培酮[4]。不过呢，在极严重剂量的致幻剂影响下，它也可能以一种不太持续的形式出现，比如迷幻剂[5]、解离剂[5][6]和谵妄剂[7]。如果这个人对这种特定的致幻剂没什么经验，这种情况就更容易发生哦。

体验报告

在我们的体验报告中，描述了这种效应的轶事报告包括：

  • Experience: 5-EAPB (60mg) + 2-FMA (20mg) + 4-AcO-DMT (10mg) - Emotional catharsis_%2B_2-FMA_(20mg)%2B_4-AcO-DMT(10mg)_-_Emotional_catharsis)
  • Experience: 550mg DPH - My First Time on DPH
  • Experience: 6mg:DOC - Carpet shop hell
  • Experience:1000 Morning Glory seeds - Rediscovering the Self
  • Experience:10mg & 20mg Intravenous DPT HCl - Familiar Shapes, Experiencing Death, Immersed in The Light
  • Experience:120µg LSD - First Bad Acid Trip, Psychosis
  • Experience:2 tabs DOB - My DOB Nightmare
  • Experience:2.5g Syrian rue + 6g Mimosa Hostilis - Becoming God (my second experience with unity))
  • Experience:2.5g Syrian rue + 6g Mimosa Hostilis - My first experience with unity
  • Experience:20x Extract - a tall humanoid figure wearing a white cloak
  • Experience:225ug LSD + 9g cubensis - Galactic Melt and the Meverse
  • Experience:2mg 25C-NBOMe - Experimental trip to test personal limits of NBOMes
  • Experience:2mg Etizolam - Here be dragons
  • Experience:3.5g Syrian rue + 10g Mimosa Hostilis
  • Experience:300µg ETH-LAD - Turned Inside Out
  • Experience:4-HO-MiPT / A care free psychedelic getaway
  • Experience:400mg DXM + 300mg DPH – Bacterial friends
  • Experience:5.3g psilocybe cubensis - Dimensional Circumstance and the Fabric of Understanding
  • Experience:5g Mushrooms - Failed attempt at a Terence Mckenna style trip.
  • Experience:60mg Zolpidem - A Delirious Adventure
  • Experience:700mg - Joining the 700 club
  • Experience:700mg - To the dextroverse.
  • Experience:700mg Diphenhydramine trip
  • Experience:7500mg - Analysis of gabapentin
  • Experience:800 seeds LSA - My First Trip Ever
  • Experience:DXM and Cannabis: 100mg - Unexpected Strong Trip
  • Experience:Diazepam (20/10mg, Oral) - Comfortably Drunk_-_Comfortably_Drunk)
  • Experience:Psilocybin Mushroom (0.16 g, Oral) - Dosage Independent Intensity_-_Dosage_Independent_Intensity)
  • Experience:Unknown Dose DOC (Insufflated) - Overdosing and Terifying Ego Death_-_Overdosing_and_Terifying_Ego_Death)
  • Experience:~150mg MDA(oral) - a case of mistaken identity_-_a_case_of_mistaken_identity)

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 What Is Aphasia? — Types, Causes and Treatment, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
  2. ↑ Chien, Ching-Fang; Huang, Poyin; Hsieh, Sun-Wung (2017). "Reversible global aphasia as a side effect of quetiapine: a case report and literature review". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. Volume 13: 2257–2260. doi:10.2147/NDT.S141273. ISSN 1178-2021.
  3. ↑ Iqbal, M. M., Aneja, A., Rahman, A., Megna, J., Freemont, W., Shiplo, M., Nihilani, N., Lee, K. (August 2005). "The Potential Risks of Commonly Prescribed Antipsychotics". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2 (8): 36–44. ISSN 1550-5952.
  4. ↑ Sinha, Preeti; Vandana, V.P.; Lewis, Nikita Vincent; Jayaram, M.; Enderby, Pamela (2015). "Evaluating the effect of risperidone on speech: A cross-sectional study". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 15: 51–55. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2015.05.005. ISSN 1876-2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Dell'Erba, Sara; Brown, David J.; Proulx, Michael J. (2018). "Synesthetic hallucinations induced by psychedelic drugs in a congenitally blind man". Consciousness and Cognition. 60: 127–132. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.02.008. ISSN 1053-8100.
  6. ↑ Kjellgren, Anette; Jonsson, Kristoffer (2013). "Methoxetamine (MXE) – A Phenomenological Study of Experiences Induced by a "Legal High" from the Internet". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 45 (3): 276–286. doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.803647. ISSN 0279-1072.
  7. ↑ Nguyen, Huy TV; Juurlink, David N (2004). "Recurrent Ibuprofen-Induced Aseptic Meningitis". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 38 (3): 408–410. doi:10.1345/aph.1D329. ISSN 1060-0280.