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失忆

失忆（Amnesia）被定义为获取新记忆能力的全局性损害，无论感官模式如何，并且会丢失失忆开始前一段时间内的一些记忆，尤其是最近的记忆[1]。在失忆状态下，一个人通常会保留功能的感知能力和短期记忆，这仍然可以用来回忆最近发生的事件；这种效应与镇静产生的记忆障碍是不同的哦[2]。因此，一个经历失忆的人可能并不明显地表现出这种状态，因为他们经常可以进行正常的对话并执行复杂的任务。

这种精神状态通常被称为“断片”，这种体验可以分为2个正式类别：“碎片性”断片和“整体性”断片[3]。碎片性断片，有时被称为“褐视”（brownouts），其特征是能够从醉酒期间回忆起特定事件，但在被提醒记忆缺失之前，不知道某些记忆丢失了。研究表明，碎片性断片比“整体性”断片更为常见[4]。相比之下，整体性断片的特征是完全无法在之后回忆起醉酒期间的任何记忆，即使受到提示也是如此。通常很难确定这种断片结束的时间点，因为在此之前通常会发生睡眠[5]。

失忆通常伴随着其他同时发生的效应，如去抑制、镇静和记忆抑制。它最常见于在严重剂量的GABA能镇静剂的影响下诱发，例如酒精[6]、苯二氮卓类物质[7]、GHB[8]和唑吡坦[9]。然而，在极其严重的致幻剂化合物剂量影响下，如迷幻剂、解离剂、鼠尾草素甲和谵妄剂，也可能在较小程度上发生。

内容

体验报告

在我们的主观效应索引中，描述此效应的轶事报告包括：

  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:660ug_LSD-_First_bad_trip
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:110mg_Diphenidine_(vaporized)%2B_354mg_DXM-instant_ego_death%2B_354mg_DXM_-_instant_ego_death)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:120%C2%B5g_LSD_-_First_Bad_Acid_Trip,_Psychosis
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:225mg_Pregabalin_%2BCannabis_-Bliss_and_Serenity;_a_hedonistic_evening
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:2C-P_(approx.35mg)-Asymmetrical_Terror_and_the_Geometric_Sea-_Asymmetrical_Terror_and_the_Geometric_Sea)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:2mg_25C-NBOMe_-_Experimental_trip_to_test_personal_limits_of_NBOMes
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:2mg_Etizolam_-_Here_be_dragons
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:3-MeO-PCP,LSD,_Clonazolam,_and_Amphetamine-_Excessive_Amounts_and_Excessive_Confusion
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:3mg_Etizolam_-_A_Comedown_Drug
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:40mg_Zolpidem_/20mg_Diazepam-_Please_Don%27t_Do_This
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:60mg_Zolpidem_-_A_Delirious_Adventure
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:A_combination_of_tramadol,_clonazepam,_gabapentin,_and_dimenhydrinate
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Alprazolam_(24_mg)-_Into_the_Void-_Into_the_Void)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Clonazolam_%2B_2-methyl-AP-237_(unknown_dosage)-_Cardiac_arrest-_Cardiac_arrest)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:DXM_and_Cannabis:100mg-_Unexpected_Strong_Trip
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Unknown_Dose_DOC_(Insufflated)-_Overdosing_and_Terifying_Ego_Death-_Overdosing_and_Terifying_Ego_Death)
  • 报告/psychounautwiki/Experience:Zopiclone_hppd%3F

另见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ↑ Squire, L. R.; Zola, S. M. (1997). "Amnesia, memory and brain systems". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 352 (1362): 1663–1673. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0148. ISSN 0962-8436.
  2. ↑ Veselis, R. A., Reinsel, R. A., Feshchenko, V. A. (1 October 2001). "Drug-induced Amnesia Is a Separate Phenomenon from Sedation". Anesthesiology. 95 (4): 896–907. doi:10.1097/00000542-200110000-00018. ISSN 0003-3022.
  3. ↑ Hartzler, Bryan; Fromme, Kim (2003). "Fragmentary and en bloc blackouts: similarity and distinction among episodes of alcohol-induced memory loss". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 64 (4): 547–550. doi:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.547. ISSN 0096-882X.
  4. ↑ White, A. M., Signer, M. L., Kraus, C. L., Swartzwelder, H. S. (1 January 2004). "Experiential Aspects of Alcohol‐Induced Blackouts Among College Students". The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 30 (1): 205–224. doi:10.1081/ADA-120029874.
  5. ↑ Goodwin, Donald W.; Crane, J. Bruce; Guze, Samuel B. (1969). "Alcoholic "Blackouts": A Review and Clinical Study of 100 Alcoholics". American Journal of Psychiatry. 126 (2): 191–198. doi:10.1176/ajp.126.2.191. ISSN 0002-953X.
  6. ↑ Lee, Hamin; Roh, Sungwon; Kim, Dai Jin (2009). "Alcohol-Induced Blackout". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (11): 2783–2792. doi:10.3390/ijerph6112783. ISSN 1660-4601.
  7. ↑ Mejo, S. L. (October 1992). "Anterograde Amnesia Linked to Benzodiazepines:". The Nurse Practitioner. 17 (10): 44–50. doi:10.1097/00006205-199210000-00013. ISSN 0361-1817.
  8. ↑ Barker, Judith C.; Harris, Shana L.; Dyer, Jo E. (2007). "Experiences of Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Ingestion: A Focus Group Study". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 39 (2): 115–129. doi:10.1080/02791072.2007.10399870. ISSN 0279-1072.
  9. ↑ Canaday, B. R. (August 1996). "Amnesia possibly associated with zolpidem administration". Pharmacotherapy. 16 (4): 687–689. ISSN 0277-0008.